The Olomouc Museum of Art was founded in the mid-20th century and is funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Currently, it manages nearly 100,000 collection items across its three venues—the Museum of Modern Art, the Olomouc Archdiocesan Museum, and the Kroměříž Archdiocesan Museum. Its holdings include paintings, sculptures, drawings, free and applied graphics, photography, applied arts, and architectural documentation. Additionally, it administers approximately 100,000 items belonging to the Archdiocese of Olomouc, making it one of the largest and most significant institutions of its kind in the Czech Republic.

After 1990, the Olomouc Museum of Art began systematically building an Art Brut collection. The Olomouc collection primarily focused on characteristic forms of art brut within the Czech environment, including remarkable expressions of mediumistic drawing. By 2025, the Museum’s art brut collection comprised nearly three hundred works by approximately fifty authors—many of them anonymous—and was managed as part of the Drawing Collection.

In 2025, the Museum succeeded in acquiring the private collection of the Olomouc-based collector Pavel Konečný, who is intensively dedicated to collecting and popularizing the work of figures from the circles of art brut and naïve art. He focuses primarily on Czech and Slovak authors, and in recent years, also on Polish creators. His entire collection of 414 works features 77 authors, many of whom he discovered.

Following the merger of the Pavel Konečný collection with the museum's existing holdings, a separate, specialized collection titled "Art Brut and Related Forms" was established in 2025. This is a unique step among Czech state cultural institutions, as no similar collection had been formed until now. The Olomouc Museum of Art considers it essential to preserve these works, to expand the memory of this cultural phenomenon, and to document these rare sources of imagination and authenticity.